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Lessons (13)

• Capacity, Availability, Latency and CAP

  … a design chooses latency targets, availability targets and a partition-time consistency policy](/img/system-design-l6/capacity …

• Binary Search

  … If capacity C works, every bigger capacity works too, so the condition flips once. Binary search the capacity …

• Storage Engines & Database Operations

  … Bound pool size, reserve capacity for critical traffic, set deadlines and investigate long transactions or slow queries. Backups …

• Design an E-Commerce Checkout

  … Handle unknown provider outcomes through reconciliation; expire reservations; isolate checkout capacity from bulk exports and marketing traffic.

• Architecture Patterns at Scale

  … Client-server Most products starting out Central service capacity Microservices Independent domain ownership/deployments Distributed operations and contracts …

• Arrays & Strings

  … mermaid flowchart LR A["capacity 4<br/ ■■■■ full"] -- push → copy to bigger B["capacity 8<br/ ■■■■■□□□"] B -- 3 …

• Database Internals, Replication and Scaling

  … Replicas increase read capacity but add lag; route read-your-own-write flows carefully. Connection pools bound database …

• Debug Latency Like an Investigator

  … Symptom Test first --- --- p50 and p99 rise Broad capacity, network, deploy, or dependency issue. Only p99 rises Queueing …

• The L6 System-Design Thinking Loop

  … is never charged twice. Peak Average traffic hides capacity limits. 2M checkouts in five minutes. Failure window Finds …

• Deploying & Operating Microservices

  … Simple, no extra capacity needed; old and new versions run side by side for a while. mermaid flowchart …

• Dynamic Programming

  … subset sum, 0/1 knapsack dp[capacity] or dp[i][capacity] Two strings LCS, edit distance, regex matching …

• Deployments, ReplicaSets & Rollouts

  … passes), then removes an old one, and repeats. Capacity never drops. ⚠️ Without a readiness probe , Kubernetes sends traffic …

• Serverless Architecture

  … 0 when nobody uses it Traffic spikes Plan capacity ahead ✅ Scales automatically Ops work Patching, scaling, monitoring hosts …